Join us in today's episode covering the SOF / Cyber / Space Triad where we discuss how Space and Cyber integrate with Special Operations, but also how it is taught in the pipelines and courses here at the JFK Special Warfare Center & School. We cover some of the history and significance of Space and Cyber integrating in conflict, competition, and with Special Operations Forces.

About the hosts:

Maj. Ashley "Ash" Holzmann is an experienced Psychological Operations Officer serving in the re-established PSYWAR School at the United States Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School. 

Sgt. Maj. Derek Riley is one of the most experienced Civil Affairs Noncommissioned Officers in the Army Special Operations Regiment. He has incredible deployment experience and serves the Proponency at the United States Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School.
 

From the episode:
Persuasive Design of Influential Technology is a term used by several academics and organizations. You can check out this Wikipedia article:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasive_technology

Articles on Overhead Persuasive Infrared:

• https://breakingdefense.com/2023/02/overhead-persistent-ir-is-how-hypersonic-and-maneuverable-threats-will-be-tracked/
• https://www.ssc.spaceforce.mil/Newsroom/Article-Display/Article/2744261/united-states-space-force-next-gen-opir-geo-program-completes-block-0-geo-space
• https://breakingdefense.com/tag/next-generation-overhead-persistent-infrared-next-gen-opir/

Use of the French SPOT in Desert Storm:

• https://www.army.mil/article/161173/smdc_history_25_years_since_first_space_war
• https://spp.fas.org/eprint/mckinley.pdf

What is Scintillation:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/scintillation

An article theorizing that Scintillation may have been involved in a communications anomaly in a battle in Afghanistan:

https://news.agu.org/press-release/space-bubbles-may-have-aided-enemy-in-fatal-afghan-battle/

Definitions of Army Space and Army Cyber from the FMs:

From FM 3-14 ARMY SPACE OPERATIONS

Nearly every Army operation relies on the advantages provided by space capabilities and effects to enhance the effectiveness of combat forces. Space capabilities permit enhanced situational understanding; provides global communications; enables precise and accurate fires; supports the conduct of joint expeditionary entry, movement, and maneuver operations; and provides a conduit for cyber electromagnetic operations supporting Unified Land Operations. These capabilities directly support large slarge-scalecale combat operations by enhancing command and control, providing secure communications over extended distances and across areas without modern infrastructure.

Potential adversaries have identified U.S. reliance on space-based capabilities as a critical vulnerability and will attempt to exploit it in order to deter and degrade our ability to act. Army space operations seek ways to maintain assured access to space capabilities, and when necessary, to achieve its objectives in spite of the adversary’s counterspace efforts.

Army space operations are conducted around the globe, but engaged regionally. Army space operations often are an integral part of a joint team used to plan, fight, and adapt operations across the range of military operations. Army space operations continue to evolve to meet the requirements of a complex and rapidly changing OE.

Army space doctrine refines and expands upon joint space doctrine by defining those space tactics and procedures relevant to unified land operations and applicable to large-scale combat operations. Army space operations applies to the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war, but the results are often challenging to quantify which level or levels benefit as modern conflict may not be easily divided into discrete levels. In an internet-connected world which often exploits social media, theater-level tactical actions may have far-reaching operational and strategic-level impacts. The space capabilities form the framework for how space operations supports the Army warfighting functions.

From FM 3-12 CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WARFARE:

Cyberspace operations are the employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace (JP 3-0). Electromagnetic warfare is a military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy (JP 3-85).

Cyberspace is one of the five domains of warfare and uses a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) for operations, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite transport. Therefore, cyberspace operations and EW require frequency assignment, management, and coordination performed by spectrum management operations. Spectrum management operations consist of four key functions—spectrum management, frequency assignment, host-nation coordination, and policy adherence. Spectrum management operations include preventing and mitigating frequency conflicts and electromagnetic interference (EMI) between friendly forces and host nations during Army operations (refer to ATP 6-02.70).

Army Special Operations Recruiting:

SOF Recruiting Page (soc.mil)

https://www.soc.mil/USASOCHQ/recruiting.html

GoArmySOF Site:

https://www.goarmysof.army.mil/

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